Risks faced by farmers in Katueté, Paraguay

Main Article Content

Carmen Fabiola Fariña
Rafaela Guerrero
Eliseo Catalino Romero Paredez

Abstract

In agriculture, risks refer to a variety of threats or uncertainties that can affect agricultural production. The research aimed to identify the main risks faced by small-scale producers in Katueté, Paraguay. A mixed-method, descriptive, non-experimental approach was used. The population consisted of 13 farmers from Katueté, who were intentionally surveyed. The survey was administered, and data collection took place during the first half of 2025. The results show that soybeans are considered the most profitable crop by 85%, compared to 15% who prefer corn. Climate risks are a concern for 50%, followed by market risk at 25%, and 10% mention operational risks. The most commonly used risk mitigation strategies include the use of technologies to improve efficiency at 50% and insurance contracts at 20%. The results revealed farm size, crop preferences, and the main risks faced by farmers in katueté, Paraguay.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Fariña, C. F. . ., Guerrero, R., & Romero Paredez, E. C. . (2026). Risks faced by farmers in Katueté, Paraguay. Espí­ritu Emprendedor TES, 10(3), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.33970/eetes.v10.n3.2026.480
Section
Articles
Author Biographies

Carmen Fabiola Fariña, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Canindeyú, Paraguay

Estudiante de cuarto año de la carrera de Licenciatura en Administración
Agropecuaria en la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias en la Universidad Nacional de Canindeyú de
Paraguay.

Rafaela Guerrero, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Canindeyú, Paraguay

Ingeniera Agrónoma, Especialista en docencia universitaria.
Magister en Agrenogocios. Doctoranda en Ciencias Empresariales. Docente de extensión
universitaria y catedrática en carrera de grado en la Facultad de Ciencias Agraria de la Universidad
Nacional de Canindeyú de Paraguay

Eliseo Catalino Romero Paredez, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Canindeyú, Paraguay

Licenciado en Administración, Especialista en docencia universitaria.
Magister en Metodología. Dr en Ciencias Empresariales. Docente catedrático en la Facultad de
Ciencias Agraria de la Universidad Nacional de Canindeyú de Paraguay

References

Acuña Franco, G., & Rojas Chávez, A. (2022). Impacto de las riadas en la agricultura familiar y asistencia recibida en San Juan Ñeembucú Paraguay. ARANDU UTIC, 9(1), 77-100. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8663545

Adebayo, T. S., Akadiri, S. S., & Rjoub, H. (2022). On the relationship between economic policy uncertainty, geopolitical risk and stock market returns in south korea: A quantile causality analysis. Annals of Financial Economics, 17(01), 2250008. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010495222500087

Andersen, L. E., M, L. C. J., & Valencia, H. (2014). La economía del cambio climático en Bolivia: Impactos en el sector agropecuario. IDB Publications. https://doi.org/10.18235/0012677

Arguello, J. C. O., Colman, N. L. T., & Sanchez, D. D. D. (2025). Riesgos enfrentados por los agricultores en La Paloma, Paraguay. Ciencias Económicas ISSN- 2788-6425, 4(11), 20-36. https://revistascientificas.una.py/index.php/reco/article/view/5389

Armendáriz, A. (2022). La cadena de valor de granos y análisis de sus riesgos financieros [Thesis]. https://riu.austral.edu.ar/handle/123456789/1846

Barth, M., Heck, J. D., & Renner, J. S. (2022). AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS ATIVIDADES E RISCOS ERGONÔMICOS. Revista Grifos, 31(57), 01-18. https://doi.org/10.22295/grifos.v31i57.6713

Batista, D. F., & Albuquerque, T. M. A. (2022). Impacto da Seca na Agricultura dos Territórios Agreste Central, Alto Sertão e Centro-Sul de Sergipe. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, 37, 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-77863710001

Benitez Rodriguez, A. M., Wolf, R., Trotter, I. M., & Gurgel, A. C. (2024). Assessing the economic implications of climate change impacts on the Paraguayan agricultural sector. Climate and Development, 16(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2023.2176186

Cahe, E., & Prada, J. de. (2022). Evolución de la expansión urbana y riesgos para la agricultura de proximidad en el sur de Córdoba, Argentina. EURE (Santiago), 48(144), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.7764/eure.48.144.11

Carvajal, A. R., & Escobar, M. E. (2015). Aplicación de la herramienta integrada de control interno y administración de riesgos, enmarcada en buen gobierno corporativo para pequeñas y medianas empresas en Colombia. Bogotá : Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2015. https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/2046

Delfani, P., Thuraga, V., Banerjee, B., & Chawade, A. (2024). Integrative approaches in modern agriculture: IoT, ML and AI for disease forecasting amidst climate change. Precision Agriculture, 25(5), 2589-2613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-024-10164-7

Duguma, A. L., & Bai, X. (2024). How the internet of things technology improves agricultural efficiency. Artificial Intelligence Review, 58(2), 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-11046-0

FAO. (2024). Riesgos y desafíos para los mercados agrícolas mundiales. Blogs del Banco Mundial. https://blogs.worldbank.org/es/voices/risks-and-challenges-in-global-agricultural-markets

García, L. (2019). Atlas del agronegocio en Paraguay. Fundación Rosa Luxemburgo : Base Investigaciones Sociales.

Garrett, K. A., Bebber, D. P., Etherton, B. A., Gold, K. M., Sulá, A. I. P., & Selvaraj, M. G. (2022). Climate Change Effects on Pathogen Emergence: Artificial Intelligence to Translate Big Data for Mitigation. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 60(Volume 60, 2022), 357-378. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-021021-042636

Gómez Oscorima, R. M., Diez Matallana, R. A., Anderson Seminario, M. de las M., & López García, P. (2021). Riesgo en la agricultura: El caso de la papa (Solanum tuberosum) en Ayacucho y Lima. Anales Científicos, 82(2), 279-287. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8213059

Goyal, R., Mensah, E., & Steinbach, S. (2024). The interplay of geopolitics and agricultural commodity prices. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 46(4), 1533-1562. https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13481

Guerrero, M., Medina, A., & Nogueira, D. (2020). Procedimiento de gestión de riesgos como apoyo a la toma de decisiones. Ingeniería Industrial, 41(1). http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1815-59362020000100002&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es

Harkness, Semenov, & Senapati. (2020). Adverse weather conditions for UK wheat production under climate change. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 282-283, 107862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107862

Huang & Wang. (2014). Financing Sustainable Agriculture Under Climate Change. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(4), 698-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60698-X

Jiang, R., & Weng, C. (2019). Climate Change Risk and Agriculture-Related Stocks (SSRN Scholarly Paper 3506311). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3506311

Leiva Depps, G. L. (2023). Nivel de riesgo ante el cambio climático de las fincas asociadas a la Afekopol y Apapy en Paraguay [Tesis de grado, Universida Nacional de Asunción]. https://cepag.org.py/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/NIVEL-DE-RIESGO-ANTE-EL-CAMBIO-CLIMATICO.pdf

Li, C., & Wang, M. (2024). Pest and disease management in agricultural production with artificial intelligence: Innovative applications and development trends. Advances in Resources Research, 4(3), 381-401. https://doi.org/10.50908/arr.4.3_381

Lin, L., Xu, F., Ge, X., & Li, Y. (2018). Improving the sustainability of organic waste management practices in the food-energy-water nexus: A comparative review of anaerobic digestion and composting. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 89, 151-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.025

Martignone, G. M. B., Ghosh, B., Papadas, D., & Behrendt, K. (2024). The rise of Soybean in international commodity markets: A quantile investigation. Heliyon, 10(15). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34669

Molano-Bernal, L. C., Sánchez-Gómez, J., Martínez-Medrano, J. C., & Vázquez-Alfaro, M. (2021). Redes de confianza y riesgo agroclimático en la asistencia técnica agropecuaria, Colombia. Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas, 12(4), 565-577. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v12i4.2741

Rahmadani, E., Nurhidayati, N., Anggriani, I. V., & Oktari, R. D. (2025). The Role of Agricultural Institutions’ Policies in Supporting Local Farmers in Facing the Climate Crisis and Fluctuating Commodity Prices. International Journal of World Economics, 1(2), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.71364/ijwe.v1i2.10

Rajput, N. A., Atiq, M., Baig, M., Jamal, N., Wahab, M., & Ali, F. (2024). Analyzing Pest Risk in the Context of Climate Change. En K. A. Abd-Elsalam & S. M. Abdel-Momen (Eds.), Plant Quarantine Challenges under Climate Change Anxiety (pp. 359-405). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56011-8_12

Shovon, M. A. C. (2024). Eventos climáticos extremos y comunicación agrícola Mercados de diversidad. Tesis de Maestría de LSU. https://doi.org/10.31390/gradschool_theses.5992

Stevaz, J. A. (2025). The Impact of Global Inflation on Emerging Markets: Challenges and Opportunities in 2024. International Journal of World Economics, 1(1), 1-8. https://ijwe.americanjournal.us/index.php/ijwe/article/view/2

Zhang, G., Qiu, Y., Boireau, P., Zhang, Y., Ma, X., Jiang, H., Xin, T., Zhang, M., Tadesse, Z., Wani, N. A., Song, J., & Ding, J. (2024). Modern agriculture and One Health. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 13(05), 82-86. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-024-01240-1